Railway Accounts Department Examinations

Wednesday, August 15, 2018

Important question - Book keeping

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS IN BOOK KEEPING SUBJECT
compiled by Smt Neelam Dhadse, SSO(A)/Bhusaval
Important Note:

My advice is to read and cover entire syllabus irrespective of  Important or Not Important. Subsequently put more preference for  important ones because they are repeatedly asked in previous examinations as well as for importance they associated with the working of Indian Railways.

Short notes
1) contingent liability
2 ) secret reserve
3) deferred revenue expenditure
4) good will/ valuation of good will
5) memorandum of association
6) accommodation bill
7) accounting conventions or principles
8) double entry system/ single entry system
9)business entity concept
10) money measurements concept
11) matching concept
12) accrual concept
13) going concern concept
14) revenue recognition
15) full disclosure 
16) cash book
17) petty cash book
18) equity
19) cash discount
20) trade discount
21) liquidity ratio
22) debt equity ratio
23) subsidiary records
24) endowment of fund

Distinguish between
1) single entry and double entry
2) fixed asset and current assets
3) trading a/c and profit & loss a/c
4) bad debts & doubtful debts
5) trade bill & accommodation bill
6) debit note & credit note
7) joint venture & partnership 
8) memorandum of association & article of association
9) receipt and payment a/c & income and expenditure a/c
10) sale and consignment
11) bill of exchange and promissory note and cheque
12 share and debenture
13) equity shares & preference share
14) capital expenditure & revenue expenditure
15) trial balance & balance sheet
16) journey and ledger
17) straight line & written down method
18) capital reserve & revenue reserve
19) interest and dividend
Topic to be cover 
1) trial balance :- definition, errors not disclosed by trail balance, errors disclosed by trial balance
2) depreciation :- definition, factors causing depreciation, type of depreciation
3) accounting conventions/ concept/principles
4) bank reconciliation statement:- definition, causes fir disagreement between cash book & pass book.
5) provision, types of provision.
6) reserve, types of reserve.
7) bill of exchange
8) promissory notes
9) negotiable instruments
10) trail balance
11) good will, valuation of good will, good will on dissolution
12) profitability ratios & it's types
13) shares ,types of shares
14) debenture, types of debentures.

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Book Keeping Bills of Exchange - Accommodation Bill


BILLS OF EXCHANGE
AND
ACCOMMODATION BILL
                                                                  

Bill of Exchange:

ü Meaning: A Bill of Exchange means " An instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, signed by the Drawer(maker), directing a certain person (Drawee)  to pay a certain sum of only to or to order of, a certain person or to the bearer of the Instrument."
ü Usually, bills of exchange are intended to finance only actual transaction in goods. Example: Shankar purchases goods for an amount of Rs.1000 from Ramesh on credit basis. So Ramesh (maker) makes a Bill for an amount of Rs.1000 and sent to Shankar for acceptance. On the due date, Shankar pays 1000 to Ramesh duly honouring the bill on presentation by Ramesh.

Accommodation Bill:
ü Meaning: A Bill made, drawn, accepted, or endorsed by one person for another without consideration, to enable the second person to obtain credit or raise money is called ACCOMMODATION  B ILL.

ü Example: In Accommodation Bills, though transaction of selling/buying good not takes place between Shankar and Ramesh, Ramesh (Drawer or Maker) makes/drafts a bill for an amount of Rs. 1000 and sent to Shankar(Drawee) for acceptance for the sole purpose of raising funds temporarily.(by Shankar).

ü Then Shankar discounting the Bill with the Banker for Rs. 975.  On the date of maturity,  Shankar has to pay Rs.1000 to the Ramesh, who is in order to honor the bill presented by the Banker (Payee).
ü Thus Shankar raises funds to meet his finance requirements temporarily with the help of Ramesh.
ü Some times Shankar and Ramesh (both parties) can raise funds by drawing the bills on others and get them acceptance. Later both can discount their bills at Bankers and get the requisite funds.  Like in the above example, both will be honouring the Bills on maturity date.
ü Record of journal entries regards accommodation bills as usual in other Bills of Exchange only.  There is no special treatment as far as Accommodation Bills concerned.
                                                                                      $$$$

Book keeping - Final Accounts - Tips


TIPS FOR PREPARATION OF FINAL ACCOUNTS IN 
BOOK KEEPING PAPER

ü  Each item in the Trial balance -------------------------->  Must only be entered once in Final Accounts.

ü  Adjustments at the foot of Trial balance ---------------------> posted two times in Final Accounts. 

ü  Post all Nominal accounts (such as all expenses and incomes ) in Trading and P&L Accounts.

ü  Post all Real (Assets) and Personal Accounts in the Balance Sheet.

ü  Balance Sheet is a Statement, not an Account.  Hence Dr and Cr words should not be used.

ü  Trading A/c or P&L A/c is prepared for the year 2014-15, whereas preparation of Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2015.

ü  Because preparing Trading and P&L A/c to report their financial performance over a period of time i.e., for the year 2014-15, whereas Balance Sheet to report financial position at a specific date i.e., as on 31st March, 2015.

ü  Trading expenses should post in P&L A/c, not in Trading Account.  Here Trading expenses means expenses related to Sales.

ü  Carriage inwards --------------------> related to Purchases ----------------------> Trading A/c.

ü  Carriage outwards ------------------> related to Sales ---------------------> P&L A/c.

ü  Wages & Salaries ----------------------> Trading A/c.

ü  Salaries & Wages ------------------------>  P&L A/c.

ü  If Closing Stock appearing in Trial Balance  (instead of adjustments at the end of trial balance):

 Closing stock, under this case, will not be shown on the credit side of the Trading Account but will be shown on the assets side of  Balance Sheet only.  (Remember, any entry appearing in the Trial Balance appears only once. Closing stock is a real account, hence appears on the assets side of the balance sheet.)

MANY MORE SUCH TIPS WILL BE POSTED INTO THE WEBSITE IN COMING DAYS.  ALL THE BEST

Final Accounts - Book keeping 2015 Paper

1. The following is the Trial balance of Shri Narayan, as on 31.03.2014. You are requested to prepare Trading and Profit & Loss Account for the year ended 31.03.2014 and Balance Sheet as on that date after making the necessary adjustments. 
S.N.ParticularsDebit (Rs.)S.N.ParticularsCredit (Rs.)
1Sundry Debtors5000001Sundry Creditors200000
2Outstanding liability for expenses550002Capital Account1443000
3Wages1000003Sales1987500
4Carriage outwards110000
5Carriage inwards50000
6General Expenses70000
7Cash Discounts20000
8Bad debts10000
9Motor car240000
10Printing & Stationery15000
11Furniture & fittings110000
12Advertisement85000
13Insurance45000
14Salesman's commission87500
15Postage & Telephone57500
16Salaries160000
17Rates & Taxes25000
18Drawings20000
19Purchases1550000
20Stock as on 01.04.2013250000
21Cash at Bank60000
22Cash in hand10500
Total3630500Total3630500
The following adjustments are to be made:
1. Stock as on 31.03.2014 was valued at Rs.7,25,000
2. Provision for Bad and Doubtful debts is to be created at 5 % on Sundry Debtors.
3. Depreciate i) Furniture & Fittings by 10 %.   Ii) Motor Car by 20 %
4. Shri Narayan had withdrawn goods worth Rs.25,000 during the year.
5. Sales include Goods worth Rs.75,000 sent out to Om & company on approval and remaining unsold on 31.03.2014.  The cost of goods was Rs.50,000.
6. The salesmen are entitled to a commission of 5 % on total sales.
7.Debtors includes Rs.25,000 bad debits.
8. Printing & Stationery expenses of Rs.55,000 related to 2012-13 had not been provided in that year but was paid in this year by debiting outstanding liabilities.
9. Purchases include purchase of Furniture worth Rs.50,000 .
Answer:
Trading Account
S.N.ParticularsAmount Rs.S.N.ParticularsAmount (Rs.)
1To Opening Stock2500001By Sales - 1987500
2To Purchases  - 1550000(-) unsold - 750001912500
(-) Furniture - 500002By Clo stock - 725000
(-) Drawings - 250001475000(+) unsold  - 50000775000
3To Wages100000
4To Carriage Inwards50000
5To Gross Profit812500
Total2687500Total2687500
Profit & Loss Account
S.N.ParticularsAmount Rs.S.NParticularsAmount (Rs.)
1To Carriage outwards1100001By Gross Profit812500
2To General Expenses70000
3To cash discounts20000
4To Bad debts -10000
(+) Bad debts (adj) -2500035000
5To Printint & Stationery15000
6To Advertisement85000
7To Insurance45000
8To Salesman's commission - 87500 + 8125 (outstanding)95625
9To Postage & Telephone57500
10To Salaries160000
11To Rates & Taxes25000
12To Depreciation on Furniture & Fittings (10 % on {110000+50000)16000
13To Depreciation on Motor Car @ 20 % on 24000048000
14To RBDD - Reserve for Bad & Doubtful Debts20000
15To Net Profit10375
Total812500Total812500
Balance Sheet
S.N.Capital & LiabilitiesAmount Rs.S.NAssetsAmount (Rs.)
1Capital - 14430001Sundry Debtors - 500000
(-) Printing & Stationery of last year - 55000(-) Bad Debts - 25000
(-) Drawings  - 20000(-) unsold goods - 75000
(-) Drawings (goods) -25000(-) RBDD - 20000380000
(+) Net Profit - 1037513533752Furnitures & Fittings - 110000
(+) Adj- addition - 50000
2Sundry Creditors200000(-) Depreciation - 16000144000
3Outstanding Salesman commission81253Motor Car - 240000
(-) Depreciation - 48000192000
4Cash at Bank60000
5Cash on hand10500
6Closing Stock - 725000
(+) unsold - 50000775000
Grand Total1561500Grand Total1561500

Monday, August 13, 2018

Cash Remittance Note


Cash Remittance Note
                                              Station Accounts - Without books  2016  - 5 marks

·         CR (Cash Remittance) Note  is the Remittance Note used by the Station Masters for sending the cash, Cheques & Vouchers to the Cash Office

·         Serially numbered and bound in Book.

·         Prepared in 3 foils.
o   First  -Block Foil - Retained with the Station Master. 

o   Second - Counter foil sent to the Traffic Accounts office by the Cashier . duly stamped with the office seal and signed by the Cashier and the Cash witness and return the same to the Station Master. The same should be attached to the respective Block foil.

o   Third - Outermost foil passing to the Traffic Accounts Office

·          Only One C R Note  - for remittance of all the cash received at the Station from all Sources.

·         Erasures/alterations in the CR Note are totally forbidden.  If it is required, fresh one is prepared duly cancel the incorrect one.

·         Reverse side of CR Note - Details of Currency notes, cheques & Vouchers which represent cash should be noted. If space is not sufficient, a separate memo should be prepared in manuscript.

·         Must be personally signed by the Station Master or authorized person and stamped with his station cash seal.

·         A memo of vouchers must invariably be prepared separately for goods and coaching vouchers. The memo of vouchers, together with the vouchers, should be placed in an envelope which should be sealed and the total amount of the vouchers enclosed should be clearly recorded on the outside of the cover.

·         The number of the cash bag in which the cash is remitted should be entered on all the three foils of the cash remittance note.

·         Nil CR Note - prepared with the word NIL on CR, if there  is no cash.

·         Responsibility of Traffic Cash witness - Signing the counterfoils of CR note and see  the entries of the CR notes are correctly made in the Cash Office records.

·         If a cash receipt is not received back in time, the Station Master should immediately report its non-receipt to the Cashier.

·         The credit on account of cash and vouchers should be taken in the balance sheet on the basis of the cash receipts received from the Cashier and not on the basis of remittances.

Procedure - Railway Stations/out agencies permitted to pay their cash collections direct to nearest authorised Bank:

·         Each remittance should be sent to the authorized Bank with the book of TR Notes (Treasury Remittance Notes) printed in blue paper in the proforma appearing at Appendix XXIV/E

·         TR note containes - 3 foils.

·         The Bank, will write in words at the foot of each form for the amount received, will retain the third foil and return the book with first and second foils duly signed. 

·         The foil bearing the signature of the said officer should be sent to the Cashier along with the cash remittance note.
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