Railway Accounts Department Examinations

Showing posts with label Material Management. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Material Management. Show all posts

Wednesday, November 15, 2023

Inventory Control - Methods

 



Inventory Control - Methods

 

Method

Stands for 

Based on 

ABC

A / B / C

Pareto principle 

FSN

Fast / Slow / Non   - Moving

On the level of consumption (moving), frequency of demands and their utility

GOLF

Government / Ordinary / Local / Foreign - Source

On the source of supplies

HML

High / Medium / Low - cost per unit

On the unit cost of items

SDE

Scarce / Difficult / Easily - availability of item

On the criteria of availability of item

SOS

Seasonal / Off seasonal - item

On the nature of supplies

VED

Vital / Essential / Desirable - items

On the criticality in end use

XYZ

High / Medium / Low - Inventory value

On inventory value of items at a given time


 


 




 




 


 

 






 




 




 


 

 







 

 

 

 

 



 

 

 

 

 




Monday, July 24, 2023

Classification of Stores

 


Classification of Stores

Features 

Ordinary

  • In General - Regular Turnover & constant Demand 

Emergency

  • To meet Emergencies -Occasional Demand -  Not readily available in the Market - Do not ordinarily wear out - Not require Renewal

Surplus

  • Moveable Surplus - Not issued in past 24 months - Likely Demand in next 24 Months (initially declared as Moveable Surplus)


  • Dead Surplus - Not issued in past 24 months - Not likely demand in next 24 Months. 

Special

  • Required for Works & Special Purposes (other than Operation/Maintenance/Repairs) 


  • Normally, such stores are directly dispatched to the Executives (without stocking in Depot)

Custody

  • For Special works and charged for such works 


  • But keep with the Stores Department for safe custody 


  • Maintains numerical records by Stores Dept.  


  • Example: Items obtained by the Mechanical Dept for construction of Rolling Stock

Inactive

  • Items that had no issues for the last 12 months

Imprest 

  • Standing advance of items to meet day-to-day operation/maintenance/repairs.   


  • Charged off to Revenue Working expenses Final Heads


  • Supervisors such as SSE, Signal Inspector, IOW, etc are allowed to maintain the Stock Imprest of nominated stores. 


  • The limits up to which stocks are to be kept - 2 to 3 months of consumption. Examples: Consumable Stores like Cotton waste, oil, grease, etc.


Saturday, June 24, 2023

Stores Contracts - Numbers Figures

 


Numbers - Stores 



Item

Number

Remarks

Limited Tenders

Limited Tender (ordinary items) - Non Gem items  - PCMM, CMM & Dy.CMM powers

Up to Rs. 25 Lakhs


Limited Tender - PCMM powers

  1. In Emergencies incl: items available in GeM-  PCMM powers 

  2. Safety / Passenger necessity items 

  3. Items for which approved list is issued by Centralised agencies like RDSO/CORE etc

Up to Rs. 10 Crores


Limited Tender - CMM powers

  1. In Emergencies incl: items available in GeM-  PCMM powers 

  2. Safety / Passenger necessity items 

  3. Items for which approved list is issued by Centralised agencies like RDSO/CORE etc

Up to Rs. 5 Crores


Limited Tender - Dy.CMM powers

  1. In Emergencies incl: items available in GeM-  PCMM powers 

  2. Safety / Passenger necessity items 

  3. Items for which the approved list is issued by Centralised agencies like RDSO/CORE etc

Up to Rs. 1 Crore


Limited Tender Panel should have minimum _____ except where approved list issued by RDSO/PUs

3 Firms


Urgency Certification

JAG Officers

Up to Rs. 10 Lakhs


SAG Officers

Above Rs. 10 Lakhs


Open Tenders (Non GeM Items)

PCMM

Unlimited


CMM

Up to Rs. 10 Crores


Dy.CMM

Up to Rs. 1 Crore


Notice Period (in IREPS)

21 days


Cost of Tender Document

Nil


PAC - Propriety Article Certificate - Signing powers

PHOD / CHOD

Above Rs. 25 Lakhs


SAG / CWM / ADRM

Up to Rs. 25 Lakhs


SG / JAG

Up to Rs. 15 Lakhs


STS

Up to Rs. 2 Lakhs


JTS

Up to Rs. 75 thousands


E-RA - Electronic Reverse Auction

Tender Value

Above Rs. 5 Crores


Proven / Known / Approved sources - Minimum

3


Qualified bidders - less than 3

Selection of vendors - Nil


Qualified bidders - 3 to 6

Selection of vendors - 3


Qualified bidders - More than 6

Selection of vendors - 50 % of qualified Vendors


MSEs - All qualified bids - within —---- price range of L-1 will be called

15 %


Duration of Auction (Between Start & Closing time)

30 minutes


Maximum auto extensions 



5


MSME Policy

MSMED Act enacted in —------

2006


As per MSMED Act, any buyer who fails to make the payment to MSMEs, as per agreed norms or a maximum of —-------, would be liable to pay monthly compounded interest at 3 times the Bank Rate. 

45 days











Miscellaneous

GFR - General Financial Rules Edition

2017 Year


25 % of Annual Procurement (not on Individual Procurement Quantity) reserved for MSEs

















Category

Reservation Percentage Target

If Annual Procurement is 100 Nos, the reserved quantity is ____

MSE

25 % of Annual Procurement (not on Individual Procurement Quantity)

25 Nos

SC / ST (of MSEs)

4 % sub-target of 25 % of above Target 

4 Nos (not 1 No)

Women (of MSEs)

3 % sub-target of 25 % of above Target 

3 Nos (Not 0.75 No)

  • Who are eligible: MSEs registered under Udyam Registration Portal w.e.f 01.07.2020 

  •  MSE Policy - W.e.f 01.04.2012.  But mandatory from 01.04.2015 onwards. 




Udyam Portal 


Context

  • Retail and wholesale traders reinstated under the MSME category by the Government in July 2021 are topping the table of the top 10 segments or sub-sectors in the MSME sector based on the number of registrations on the Udyam portal.

Udyam Portal

  • https://eudyogaadhaar.org/ 

  • Launched and maintained by MSME Ministry on 1st July, _____

  • Only Official portal to register a new MSME or re-register of already registered under UAM - Udyog Aadhaar Memorandum 

  •  Seamlessly integrated with Income Tax, GST & GeM 

  • The details of Investments & Turnover are taken automatically from Govt databases. 


MSME Sambandh Portal: 

  

  • Launched on 8th December 2017 

  •  Sharing fact sheets of public procurement of all central entities. 

  • Facilitating Official login to enter the data. 

  • Monitoring the progress of procurement by Central Govt Ministries / Depts / CPSUs  

  • Uploading procurement details by all the above entities on a monthly / Annual basis


Data for 2022-23 FY  


Category

Procurement (in Crores Rs)

Percentage Actual

Targetted Percentage

Total 

172436

100


MSMEs

61592

36 %

25 % 

SC/ST MSMEs

1438

0.83 %

4 %

Women MSMEs

2059

1.20 %

3 %

 

Benefits for MSMEs 

  1. Tender cost - Free 

  2. No EMD (Earnest Money Deposit )

  3. Relaxations in Prior Turnover Criteria and Prior Experience Criteria 

Note: However, SD (Security Deposit) or PBG (Performance Based Guarantee) are not exempted.  

  • All Central entities - should organize VDPs ( Vendor Development Programmes) to develop MSMEs 

  • SC/ST MSMEs - NSIC should conduct outreach programs and open a special window i.e., SPRS (Single Point Registration Scheme) 

  • NSIC stands for National Small Industries Corporation 

  • 358 items - Reserved exclusively for MSMEs 

Champion Portal

  • Launched on 1st June 2020

  • To address the grievances of MSMEs 

  • Set up in the Ministry of MSME

  • CHAMPION stands for Creation & Harmonious Application of Modern Processes for Increasing Output & National Strength 


  • Backed by AI - Artificial Intelligence, Big Data Analytics, as well as Machine Learning, in conjunction with ICT - Information & Communication Technology 

  • Linked with the CPGRAMS (Centralized Public Grievance Redress And Monitoring System 

  •  Classification of MSMEs 


Category

Investment in Plant & Machinery

Annual Turnover

Micro

Rs. 1 Crore

Rs. 5 Crore

Small

Rs. 10 Crores

Rs. 50 Crores

Medium

Rs. 50 Crores

Rs. 250 Crores

 

Samadhan Portal: 


  • After 14 years since the MSME Development Act came into existence in 2006, a revision in the MSME definition was announced in the Atmnirbhar Bharat package on 13th May, 2020. As per this announcement, the definition of Micro manufacturing and services units was increased to Rs. 1 Crore of investment and Rs. 5 Crore of turnover. The limit of small units was increased to Rs. 10 Crore of investment and Rs 50 Crore of turnover. Similarly, the limit of medium units was increased to Rs. 20 Crore of investment and Rs. 100 Crore of turnover. The Government of India on 01.06.2020 decided for further upward revision of the MSME Definition. For medium Enterprises, now it will be Rs. 50 Crore of investment and Rs. 250 Crore of turnover.