PPT on Classification of Expenditure - Recent Changes
Designed to help the candidates appearing the Appendix 3, LDCE, 70% etc of Railway Accounts
Thursday, January 7, 2021
Friday, August 14, 2020
Finance Accounts and Capital & Revenue Accounts
Finance Accounts and Capital & Revenue Accounts
·
Indian
Railways is a Departmental Commercial Organization. So
not only secure essential requirements of Commercial Accounts, but also
conforms to the Government Accounts. So it prepares Capital & Revenue
Accounts and Finance Accounts to comply the Commercial Accounts and Government
Accounts respectively
Commercial Accounts:
·
Also called as
Capital and Revenue Accounts.
· Recorded in such a way;
1. How its Capital has been utilised (Balance Sheet)
2. How it (IR) stands in relation to its Debtors and Creditors (Balance Sheet)
3. Whether it (IR) is gaining or losing (Profit & Loss A/c)
4. Whether the sources of its gains or losses
5. Whether it is solvent or insolvent+
· So, the Accounts of Railway presented in such a form as to facilitate a review of Railways as a Commercial undertaking.
· To be included in Annual Report of IR
·
Sources :
1. Revenue - Revenue Allocation Register (RAR)
2. Register of Earnings/Revenue
3. Registers of Capital, DRF, DF etc - Works
· Due date : 15th September or any other date prescribed by the Railway Board from year to year
· Financial Results cannot be gauged correctly unless transactions recorded separately for Revenue and Capital
· Loan A/c - Assets created out of Capital only
· Block A/c - Assets created out of all sources of finance (Capital + DRF + DF + RRSK + RSF)
·
Consists of : Statements
of
1. Authorised Capital
2. Stock
3. Loans, Debentures
4. Receipts & Expenditure of Capital A/c
5. Capital expenditure details for the year
6. Capital A/c
7. Revenue A/c
8. Distribution of Earnings/Revenue and working expenses of worked lines
9. GWE - Gross Working Expenses - Summary
10. GWE - Gross Working Expenses - Details
11. Earnings/Revenue
12. Outstanding Earnings/Revenue (Traffic Suspense & DR)
13. Net Revenue A/c
14. DRF A/c
15. Erstwhile Demands 1 & 2 / Major Head 3001
16. Development Fund A/c (DF)
Government Accounts:
Government Accounts are
kept in 3 Parts - Flow Chart
Government Accounts
· Duly classified as per prescribed rules of Government
· Object: Systematic record of all Receipts & Expenditure classified under certain appropriated headings.
·
Railway Fund:
1. Though the Railway transactions form the part of Consolidated Fund, Contingency Fund & Public Account, they are accounted in the pro forma "Railway Fund"
2. In the books of CAS - Central Accounting Section, RBI/Nagpur
·
Extra Railway Transactions: Railway Audit expenditure - booked in Railway Accounts for convenience
purpose, though they do not pertain to Railway Revenue & Expenditure.
Structure of Booking of expenditure / earnings in Indian
Railways
Hierarchy |
|
Example: HRA of PFA |
|
Description |
|
|
|
|
|
Major Head |
|
3002 |
|
Indian Railways Commercial Lines - Working Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
SMH - Sub Major Head |
|
01 |
|
General Superintendence & Services |
|
|
|
|
|
MH -Minor Head |
|
200 |
|
Financial Management |
|
|
|
|
|
Sub Head ( Subordinate Head) |
|
210 |
|
Accounts |
|
|
|
|
|
Detailed Head |
|
211 |
|
Officers |
|
|
|
|
|
Object Head ( PU -Primary Unit) |
|
04 |
|
HRA - House Rent Allowance |
· Final Allocation / classification of HRA of PFA - 03-0211-04
· Note: Still, allocation structure aligns with erstwhile Demand No. 03 - for Sub Major Head 01 -" General Superintendence & Services"
· Monthly Account Current /Annual Account Current - complies the Finance A/cs
· Railway Accounts further classified into 1. Commercial Lines 2. Strategic Lines
· Strategic lines exists in 4 Zonal Railways. They are NR, NFR, NWR & WR
· Recoveries (of overpayments in last year) - shown as Earnings/Revenue in Current year.
· However, recoveries due to difference in attendance of previous year - should be shown as reduction in the expenditure only in current year.
· Credits up to Rs. 10 thousands pertaining to closed works - to be post as Earnings/Revenue
·
Para 217A - Allocation of Receipts & Expenditure
A.
The
primary responsibility for the allocation of all receipts and payments rests with the concerned departmental officers.
B. Each bill or voucher received from them should show the correct allocation of the receipt/expenditure in the fullest detail.
C. The Accounts Department is responsible for seeing, to the
extent it is possible for them to do so, that the allocation shown on the
initial document is not prima facie incorrect.
· Correct classification should be followed in recording the expenditure in accounts irrespective of whether provision in the budget has been made under correct budget head.
· In order, however, to avoid undue variation between the budget and accounts figures, changed in accounting classification will not ordinarily be introduced during the course of the year.
· In the case of works, the allocation of which has to be changed during the course of a year from one head of expenditure to another, classification of expenditure in that year should follow the original allocation. The change should be given effect to from the beginning of the next financial year only after making necessary provision in the Budget at the Budget stage or at the Revised Estimate stage to cover not only the estimated expenditure for the budget year but also write back of the expenditure incurred from the commencement of the work to the end of the previous year.
Link Heads between Govt Accounts & Commercial
Accounts
|
Demands Payable |
Labour |
Traffic |
Bills Recoverable |
Revenue /
Capital |
Revenue |
Capital |
Revenue |
Revenue |
Always having |
Credit balance |
Credit balance |
Debit balance |
Debit balance |
Operated on |
Expenditure
side |
Expenditure
side |
Earnings side |
Earnings side |
****
Thursday, May 7, 2020
Major Heads & Allocation Structure in Indian Railways
Major Heads & Allocation
Structure in Indian Railways
Relevant Links
2) List of Major Heads in Government Accounts
·
Nearly 500 Major
Heads are existed in Government Accounts
Important Major Heads pertaining to
Indian Railways
Major Head |
Description |
0021 |
Income Tax |
0049 |
Interest Receipts (on HBA, Scooter Advance
etc) |
1001 |
Indian Railways-Miscellaneous Receipts |
1002 |
Indian Railways-Commercial Lines- Revenue Receipts |
1003 |
Indian Railways-Strategic Lines-Revenue Receipts |
3001 |
Indian Railways-Policy Formulation, Direction, Research and other Miscellaneous Organisation |
3002 |
Indian Railways-Commercial Lines-Working
Expenses |
3003 |
Indian Railways-Strategic Lines-Working Expenses |
3004 |
Indian Railways-Open Line Works (Revenue) |
3005 |
Payments to General Revenues (Dividends etc) |
3006 |
Appropriation from Railway Surplus |
3007 |
Repayment of Loans taken from General Revenues |
5002 |
Capital Outlay on Indian
Railways-Commercial Lines |
5003 |
Capital Outlay on Indian Railways-Strategic Lines |
7002 |
Loans to Railways (to funds like DF, Capital Fund etc) |
7610 |
Loans to Govt Servants (HBA, Motor Cycle,
Computer etc) |
8009 |
SRPF - State (Railway) Provident Fund |
8011 |
Insurance and Pension Funds (CGEIS -Central Govt Employees Insurance
Scheme) |
8115 |
Depreciation/Renewal Reserve Funds (DRF) |
8121 |
General and other Reserve Funds (SBF) |
8337 |
Deposits of Railways |
8445 |
Railway Deposits (EMD, SD, Unpaid wages
etc) |
8660 |
Suspense Accounts -Railways (PAO- Pay & Accounts Office suspense, RBS- Reserve Bank Suspense, PSB - Public Sector Bank Suspense etc) |
8670 |
Cheques & Bills |
8671 |
Departmental balances |
8672 |
Permanent Cash Imprest (Imprest held with
Executive Officers) |
8675 |
Deposits with Reserve Bank |
8677 |
RIB - Remittances Into Bank |
8787 |
Adjusting Account with Railways |
8790 |
Accounts with States etc. (Railways) |
8797 |
Exchange Accounts (Transfer Transactions) |
Structure of Booking of
expenditure / earnings
in Indian Railways
Hierarchy |
|
Example: HRA of PFA |
|
Description |
|
|
|
|
|
Major
Head |
|
3002 |
|
Indian
Railways Commercial
Lines - Working
Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
SMH - Sub
Major Head |
|
01 |
|
General
Superintendence &
Services |
|
|
|
|
|
MH -Minor
Head |
|
200 |
|
Financial
Management |
|
|
|
|
|
Sub Head (
Subordinate Head) |
|
210 |
|
Accounts |
|
|
|
|
|
Detailed
Head |
|
211 |
|
Officers |
|
|
|
|
|
Object
Head ( PU -Primary
Unit) |
|
04 |
|
HRA - House
Rent Allowance |
Final Allocation / classification of HRA of PFA - 03-0211-04
Note: Still, allocation structure aligns with erstwhile Demand No. 03 - for Sub Major Head 01 -" General Superintendence & Services"