Railway Accounts Department Examinations

Showing posts with label Major Heads. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Major Heads. Show all posts

Wednesday, May 29, 2024

Strategic Lines



 


Railway Accounts further classified into 1. Commercial Lines  2. Strategic Lines  

 

·         At present, Strategic lines exist in 4 Zonal Railways.   They are NR, NFR, NWR & WR

Major Heads between Commercial Lines & Strategic Lines



·        Definition of Strategic: Relating to the gaining of overall or long-term military advantage.

·        Strategic Lines:  Generally constructed for military-strategic purposes, opposed to the usual utility of Commercial lines for civilian purposes. 

·        To declare the Railway Line as a Strategic one, the approval of the Defence Ministry is required. 

·        Engineering Code Chapter 18 - Miscellaneous Works - Works required for Defence Purposes - deals with the Strategic Lines. 

·        Defence works: Divided between Railway Estimates & Defence Estimates.

·        Railway Estimates bears:

·        The entire expenditure of Defence Works carried out on the Strategic line will be borne by the Railways.

 

·        Defence Estimates bears: 

 

·        . The cost of construction of troop sidings, platforms etc., including the signaling arrangements required in the event of the siding or platform taking off from the main line beyond the limits of station yard.

 

·         The cost of land acquired for troop sidings, platforms, etc., if the railway Administration does not choose to acquire it for its own purpose;

 

·         The interest and maintenance charges on Railway's share of the cost in respect of Defence works executed by Railways on behalf of Defence services. 

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Friday, January 19, 2024

Mapping of erstwhile Demands with Major Heads & SMH - Sub Major Heads



 Mapping of erstwhile Demands with

  Major Heads & SMH - Sub Major Heads


Group

Description

Erstwhile Demand

Major

Head

SMH 


Policy & Services common to IR

Railway Board

01


3001

Nil

Misc. Expenditure (General)

02

Nil

Admin

General Superintendence & Services

03










3002

1

Repairs & Maintenance

P.Way & Works

04

2

Motive Power

05

3

Carriages & Wagons

06

4

Plant & Equipment

07

5

Operating Expenses

Rolling Stock & Equipment

08

6

Traffic

09

7

Fuel

10

8

Others

Staff Welfare & Amenities 

11

9

Misc. Working Expenses 

12

10

PF, Pension & Other Retirement Benefits

13

11

Funds

Appropriation to Funds

14

12

Dividends

Dividends to General Revenues

15

3005

Nil

Assets

Assets - Acquisition, Construction & Replacement

16

5002

Nil





Important Major Heads 

Major Head

Description

1001  

Indian Railways-Miscellaneous Receipts

1002

Indian Railways-Commercial Lines-

Revenue Receipts

1003

Indian Railways-Strategic Lines-Revenue Receipts

3001

Indian Railways-Policy Formulation,

 Direction, Research, and other Miscellaneous 

Organisation

3002

Indian Railways-Commercial Lines-Working Expenses

3003

Indian Railways-Strategic Lines-Working Expenses

3005

Payments to General Revenues (Dividends etc)

5002 

Capital Outlay on Indian Railways-Commercial Lines

5003

Capital Outlay on Indian Railways-Strategic Lines

Important Major Heads (within brackets are Erstwhile Demand Numbers)


Revenue Receipts

X,Y & Z

Ordinary Working Expenses 

(3 to 14)

Capital Expenditure 

(16)

Commercial Lines

1002

3002

5002

Strategic

 Lines

1003

3003

5003


Note: Strategic lines existed in 4 Zonal Railways i.e., NR, NFR, NWR & WR  


Friday, August 14, 2020

Finance Accounts and Capital & Revenue Accounts

 

Finance Accounts and Capital & Revenue Accounts

·         Indian Railways is a Departmental Commercial Organization.  So not only secure essential requirements of Commercial Accounts, but also conforms to the Government Accounts. So it prepares Capital & Revenue Accounts and Finance Accounts to comply the Commercial Accounts and Government Accounts respectively

Commercial Accounts:

·         Also called as Capital and Revenue Accounts.

 

·         Recorded in such a way;

1.       How its Capital has been utilised (Balance Sheet)

2.       How it (IR) stands in relation to its Debtors and Creditors (Balance Sheet)

3.       Whether it (IR) is gaining or losing (Profit & Loss A/c)

4.       Whether the sources of its gains or losses

5.       Whether it is solvent or insolvent+

 

·         So, the Accounts of Railway presented in such a form as to facilitate a review of Railways as a Commercial undertaking.

 

·         To be included in Annual Report of IR

 

·         Sources :

1.       Revenue  - Revenue Allocation Register (RAR)

2.       Register of Earnings/Revenue 

3.       Registers of Capital, DRF, DF etc  - Works

 

·         Due date : 15th September or any other date prescribed by the Railway Board from year to year

·         Financial Results cannot be gauged correctly unless transactions recorded separately for Revenue and Capital

 

·         Loan A/c  - Assets created out of Capital only

 

·         Block A/c - Assets created out of all sources of finance (Capital + DRF + DF + RRSK + RSF)

 

·         Consists of : Statements of

1.       Authorised Capital

2.       Stock

3.       Loans, Debentures

4.       Receipts & Expenditure of Capital A/c

5.       Capital expenditure details for the year

6.       Capital A/c

7.       Revenue A/c

8.       Distribution of Earnings/Revenue and working expenses of worked lines

9.       GWE - Gross Working Expenses - Summary

10.   GWE - Gross Working Expenses - Details

11.   Earnings/Revenue

12.   Outstanding Earnings/Revenue (Traffic Suspense & DR)

13.   Net Revenue A/c

14.   DRF A/c

15.   Erstwhile Demands 1 & 2 / Major Head 3001

16.   Development Fund A/c (DF)

Government Accounts:

Government Accounts are kept in 3 Parts - Flow Chart


Government Accounts




 

 

  ·         Also known as Finance A/cs

·         Duly classified as per prescribed rules of Government

·         Object: Systematic record of all Receipts & Expenditure classified under certain appropriated headings.

·         Railway Fund:

 

1.       Though the Railway transactions form the part of Consolidated Fund, Contingency Fund & Public Account, they are accounted in the pro forma "Railway Fund"

2.       In the books of CAS - Central Accounting Section, RBI/Nagpur

 

·         Extra Railway Transactions:  Railway Audit expenditure  - booked in Railway Accounts for convenience purpose, though they do not pertain to Railway Revenue & Expenditure.

 

Structure of Booking of expenditure / earnings in Indian Railways

Hierarchy

 

Example:

 HRA of PFA

 

Description

 

 

 

 

 

Major Head

 

3002

 

Indian Railways

Commercial Lines -

 Working Expenses

 

 

 

 

 

SMH -

Sub Major Head

 

01

 

General Superintendence

& Services

 

 

 

 

 

MH -Minor Head

 

200

 

Financial Management

 

 

 

 

 

Sub Head

( Subordinate Head)

 

210

 

Accounts

 

 

 

 

 

Detailed Head

 

211

 

Officers

 

 

 

 

 

Object Head

( PU -Primary Unit)

 

04

 

HRA -

House Rent  Allowance

 

·         Final Allocation / classification of HRA of PFA - 03-0211-04

 

·         Note:  Still, allocation structure aligns with erstwhile Demand No. 03 - for Sub Major Head 01 -" General Superintendence & Services"

 

·         Monthly Account Current /Annual Account Current - complies the Finance A/cs

 

·         Railway Accounts further classified into 1. Commercial Lines  2. Strategic Lines

 

·         Strategic lines exists in 4 Zonal Railways.   They are NR, NFR, NWR & WR

 

·         Recoveries (of overpayments in last year) - shown as Earnings/Revenue in Current year.

 

·         However, recoveries due to difference in attendance of previous year - should be shown as reduction in the expenditure only in current year.

 

·         Credits up to Rs. 10 thousands pertaining to closed works - to be post as Earnings/Revenue

 

·         Para 217A -  Allocation of Receipts & Expenditure 

 

A.      The primary responsibility for the allocation of all receipts and payments rests with the concerned departmental officers.

 

B.      Each bill or voucher received from them should show the correct allocation of the receipt/expenditure in the fullest detail.

 

C.      The Accounts Department is responsible for seeing, to the extent it is possible for them to do so, that the allocation shown on the initial document is not prima facie incorrect.

 

·          Correct classification should be followed in recording the expenditure in accounts irrespective of whether provision in the budget has been made under correct budget head.

 

·         In order, however, to avoid undue variation between the budget and accounts figures, changed in accounting classification will not ordinarily be introduced during the course of the year.

 

·         In the case of works, the allocation of which has to be changed during the course of a year from one head of expenditure to another, classification of expenditure in that year should follow the original allocation. The change should be given effect to from the beginning of the next financial year only after making necessary provision in the Budget at the Budget stage or at the Revised Estimate stage to cover not only the estimated expenditure for the budget year but also write back of the expenditure incurred from the commencement of the work to the end of the previous year.

 

Link Heads between Govt Accounts & Commercial Accounts

 

 

Demands Payable

Labour

Traffic

Bills Recoverable

Revenue / Capital

Revenue

Capital

Revenue

Revenue

Always having

Credit balance

Credit balance

 Debit balance

Debit balance

Operated on

Expenditure side

Expenditure side

Earnings side

Earnings side

 

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