Konkan Railway

Konkan Railway

·         Missing link between Mumbai and Mangalore.

·         740 Kms

·         KRCL - Konkan Railway Corporation Limited

·         Govt of India Undertaking

·         Hqrs -CBD (Central Business District),  Belapur in Navi Mumbai

·         Connects Maharashtra, Goa, Kerala and Karnataka

·         First train flagged off on 26.01.1998

·         No of Stations - 67

·         Broad Guage (1.676mm)

·         Total Cost - Rs. 3555 Crores

·         Total Staff - 5300

From	To	Saving in distance (Kms)	Saving in Time ( In Hrs)
Mumbai	Mangalore	1127	26

 

·          Organization: CMD plus 13 Directors.

·         RO-RO - Roll-on Roll-off service - in 1999. The first of its kind in India, allowed loaded trucks to be transported on Railway Wagon flatcars.

·         There is NH-66 passing through same route. Truck drivers find it extremely difficult to drive loaded trucks through ghats, undulating surfaces, narrow roads and poor road and weather conditions. The KRCL came with concept of RORO, where loaded trucks are moved on wagons and are traveled by train. This has helped in saving of fuels, decrease in wear and tear of lorries (trucks), relief to drivers of driving in extreme conditions, can reach faster to destination. This also helps in decongestion of roads and lowering of pollution. This concept has been beneficial for both truck operators and KRCL. 

• 100 Percent electrification from Roha (Maharashtra) to Thokur (Karnataka)  -740 Kms at a cost of Rs. 1280 Crores

Beginning

·          Initiated in the year 1971

·         1984 - Final Location Engineering cum Traffic survey

·          1988 - Survey report submitted to Railway Board.

·          Arranging funds for such mega project - very tough one.  so Dr. Bimal Jalan, then Economic Adviser to the Finance Minister, suggested the idea of a Corporation with the Centre and beneficiary states .

·         1990 - Sri E Sreedharan, who was retired as Member, Engineering, was chosen the First Chairman & MD of the Konkan Railway.

·         19.07.1990 - KRCL - Konkan Railway Corporation Limited  - incorporated as a Public Limited Company under the Companies Act, 1956.

·         First time, Govt of India had departed from its policy of controlling Railways.

·         15.09.1990 - Foundation stone laid at Roha.

 

Sreedharan style of Construction:

 

·         Entire 760 KM project divided into 7 segments.

·         Each segment headed by Chief Engineer, who was delegated with full powers.

·         The field level - with newly recruited 400 young engineers from fresh graduates.

·         At the peak of construction, not more than 2400 personnel from MD to lower level.

·         WANs/LANs for instant communication

·         Survey - First time in Indian Railways history - Sent out of  teams of boys having diploma in Engineering  with Kawasaki Bikes with petrol and Rs. 100/- Per day . Normally Jeeps and lot of people running around.  

·         30 teams in Goa worked on 16 different alignments and the data was analysed by Shri Rajaram, the Chief Engineer ( later MD of KRCL too) analysed the entire data on an assembled computer, which was bought cheap in Bangalore.  He himself designed the software for this analysis.  This approach saves 90 % of the normal cost.

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General Books & Subsidiary Books

General Books & Subsidiary Books

 

Source: chapter III of Accounts Code Click here

 

·         The first and foremost function of the Accounts Dept is "Keeping the accounts of the railway in accordance with the prescribed rules".   Clickfor article on Functions of the Accounts Dept

 

·         That is, General Books such as Daily Cash Book, Monthly Cash Book, Journal & Ledger and various Subsidiary Books.

 

·         Compilation of Accounts    - The following are the duties of the Accounts Officer:

 

1.       Collect and bring to account all the receipts and disbursements of Unit, i.e., Division, Railway (CO7s - Cash Order 7 for out goings & MCRs - Misc. Cash Receipts for Receipts)

2.       A) To transfer to other accounts circles the items pertaining to them which originate in his circle and  B) to adjust in his books of account the items of expenditure or receipts pertaining to his own circle and transferred to him by other Accounts officers; (Through RJVs - Revenue Journal Vouchers & CJVs - Capital Journal Vouchers)

3.       To make up a detailed account of his accounts circle monthly;  ( Monthly Account Current)

4.       To make up a detailed account of his circle for each year. (Annual Account Current)

5.       To prepare relevant financial reports for management information and action. (Appropriation Accounts, P & L Account, Balance Sheet etc)

 

Accounting Transactions
Two distinct headings	Cash transactions		Book Adjustments
Sub Headings	Disbursements	Receipts	Revenue	Capital
Four Pillars for entire Accounting transactions	CO 7	MCR	RJV	CJV
Code used in the documents	1	2	3	4

 

 

General Books :

 

These are the essential records for compiling the monthly and Annual Accounts.

 

 

                       I.               General Cash Book or Daily abstract of cash transactions

 

·         Form No. 304

·         To bring into all cash transactions of Division/Unit.

·         Posted daily.

·         A voucher (CO7 or MCR) duly signed by an Accounts Officer - support of every entry in it.

·         Balanced daily and reconciled with that in the Cashiers cash book.

·         It should be checked and signed by the officer in-charge of the section.

 

Daily Cash Book
Receipts		Payments
Debit side		Credit side
Particulars	Source	Particulars	Source
Station Remittances	Cash check sheets	Debits in various bills passed	CO7s
Receipts other than Stations	MCRs
Credits in various Bills passed	CO7s
Unpaid amounts remitted by cashier	Lists of unpaid wages

 

                  II.            Monthly Cash Book:

 

·          Posted daily from the totals in the Daily abstract of Cash transactions.

·         Kept in two parts  A. Debits (Receipts)  B. Credits (Disbursements)

·         It should be totaled after the transactions of the last day of the month have been posted.

·         The totals under the Heads RIB - Remittances Into Bank for Receipts and C & B - Cheques & Bills for payments should be reconciled with the statements received from the Banks.

 

                   III.         Journal

·          The transactions which do not involve cash  - should be recorded in the Journl.

·         Each entry in the journal should be supported by Journal Voucher (JV) duly signed by an Accounts Officer.

·         JVs, after preparation by the concerned sections and sent to the Books section for incorporation in the Accounts.

·         JVs should bear separate serial numbers distinct from that cash vouchers

·         Each journal entry should be supported by a narration giving detailed reasons for making adjustment.

·         Totalling of the Journal

·         Add cash totals to the Journal.

 

             IV.               LEDGER

·         The closing totals of the journal should be posted in the Ledger under various heads of accounts.

·         Also shows the progressive balances under those heads, the end of each accounting period.

 

Subsidiary Books:

In addition to the General Books, the following subsidiary records should be maintained.

                                                        I.            Registers of Earnings

                                                      II.            Revenue Allocation Registers

                                                    III.            Registers of Works

                                                    IV.            Suspense Registers ( DP, MAR, Loans & Advances, Deposits, Stores suspense, WMS, Traffic etc)

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Happy New Year

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Material Management - 2018-19

Material Management  - 2018-19

Source:  Year Book 2018-19

 

·         Total purchases - Rs. 62,134 Crores

 

Procured by	%
Zonal Rlys & PUs	63
Railway Board	36
Others	1

 

·         Total Number of Depots - 262

 

·         Total Number of items stocked - 1.3 Lakh

 

·         Scrap Sales - Rs. 4192 Crores

 

·         E-Procurement started in the year 2010-11

 

·         Single Web portal IREPS - Indian Railways Electronic Procurement System -   for Goods, Services, Works, Earning, Leasing & Sale of Scrap

 

·         IREPS - आपूर्ति - (Apoorthi) Android app  - enables access to useful information at one go.

 

·         System of Lot Publishing, instead of traditional catalogue publishing, has been rolled out for re-Auction in January, 2019.  This has made paradigm shift in the method of disseminating information pertaining to the available scrap for sale to prospective bidders in a transparent manner.

·         Common use Goods and Services available on GeM are reserved for procurement through GeM portal ( Government E Marketplace

Turn Over Ratio - TOR

 

·           Meaning: Ratio of Stores Balances at the end of financial year to Total issues during the year.

 

·         Formulae = Stores Balances as on 31st March/Total Issues during the year x 100

 

·         Stores Balances = Stores in stock + Stores in Transit + Purchase Suspense + Sales Suspense + Stores Adjustment Account

 

·         Calculated separately with fuel and without fuel

 

·         Expressed in Percentages

TOR	2014-15	2017-18	2018-19
Without Fuel	15	10	9
With Fuel	-	8	6

 

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Helicopter money

Helicopter money

«  It is a buzzing word during the Corona Crisis.

«  Meaning:  central banks (like RBI - Reserve Bank of India) printing money and making payments directly to the individuals or the private players.

«   First coined by Milton Friedman in 1969, when he wrote a story/parable of dropping money from a helicopter.

«  When:  When Interest rates near Zero and the Economy in rercession (i.e., in liquidity trap). Also to prevent deflation.

«  It is an alternative to the Quantitative easing (QE).  QE is a monetary policy whereby a central bank buys predetermined amounts of government bonds or other financial assets in order to add money directly into the economy.

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