Tuesday, September 25, 2018
Tuesday, September 18, 2018
Surveys
Surveys
By Shri Benhur, SSO(A)/Hqrs/SC Rly
ü A thorough examination of geographical area, to gather information or measure and record the details of an area of the land.
ü Preliminary investigations are conducted to collect data prior to the actual commencement of construction of New Line, GC, Doubling other traffic facility works.
ü Hither to, the field work in survey was a complicated issue but with the usage modern technology the surveys have become easier with accurate results as compared to the good old days.
ü Some of the modern equipments used in conducting surveys are :
1.Large scale topographic Maps.. Contains large scale details, shows natural and manmade features
2. Precision Maps … It produces scrollable, zoom able maps inside UI view without an internet
3. Air Cameras.. Drones
4. Electronic distance measure.. Electromagnetic energy determines the length of the line
5. First order plotting.. Program based Graphs.
Types of Surveys in Railways
1. Reconnaissance Engineering cum- Traffic Survey (RECTS) (Budget Rs. 10000/- per KM)
ü A detailed survey of traffic conditions of a section of an area with a view to asses the traffic prospects and financial implications of new line, other traffic facilities, GC, Doubling & other Line capacity works.
ü A thorough investigation will be carried out by the team to assess the potential sources to generate traffic Viz:
1.General characteristics of the area and extent of cultivation
2. Local industries and religious festivals
3.The general conditions such as prosperity of people in the locality and density of population and its distribution
4. The probable amount of traffic to be served by the new railway line.
5. The probable new lines to be opened up to join large trade centers.
6. Nature and volume of exports and their destination and origin
7.The amount of imports and centers of their distribution
8. Possibilities of development of new industries and irrigation schemes as a result of new railway lines
9. Tourism and Tourist prospects
RECTS-II
An Engineering survey involving rough and rapid investigation of an area. In this survey all the possible routes have to be examined along with the construction and operational cost of a Projected line.
This survey should collect the following information:
1. Physical features of an area like Hills valleys water bodies, wetland climate islands etc.
2. Nature of soil
3. Streams and rivers in the area especially those likely to be crossed by the track, their direction of flow, approximate width and depth.
4. Position of hills and the lakes.
Besides indicating the approximate distance, height, curvature, Necessity to cut and fills suitable sites for the station major Bridges Roads etc,.
Instruments used in Reconnaissance survey
1.Aneroid Barometer: used for measuring the atmospheric pressure
2.Prismatic Compass: It’s a navigating and surveying instrument used for determining course, way points and directions.
3. Binoculars telescope
4. pedometer: It records and displays the number of steps you take based on the body movements
The data collected are tabulated to gauge the projected traffic potential of the proposed new line and survey report with all the details collected along with the details of other alternate routes examined will be submitted to the competent authority
II. Preliminary Engineering cum- Traffic survey (PECTS) (Budget Rs. 15000/- per KM)
The object of this Survey is
1.To conduct the survey work along the alternative routes (found out by reconnaissance survey) with the help of theodolite and leveling instruments.
2. To determine the greater accuracy of the cost of railway line, along with the alternative routes, involving cost of removing obstruction, construction of bridges etc.
3.To decide the most economical and efficient route
Importance of PECTS
The preliminary survey decides the final route and recommend, only one particular route in preference to other alternatives. Thus, the preliminary survey should be carried out with greater precision as the alignment of final route depends on it.
Instruments used in preliminary survey
1. Dumpy Level
2. Prismatic Compass
3. Tachometer
4. Plane Table
Final location survey (FSL)
This survey will be under taken only when it is decided by the competent authority that the project will be taken up for construction.
The works involved in a Final location survey can be briefly assumed as under:
1. Staking of the centre line.
2. Leveling along with centre line
3. A plane table survey of the strip of he land on either side.
4 A plane table survey of Rivers, Station site and junction arrangements.
Instruments used
1. Theodelite
2.Precise Level
3. Steel Tape
Before a decision is taken to make investment in a project it is necessary to examine various alternatives including optimization of operating point of view and best line is selected to make an ideal investment.
The survey report will have following chapters:
1. Introduction
2. Traffic Projections
3. Analysis of alternatives
4. Characteristics of project area
5. Standard of Construction
6. Route selection
7. Project Engineering
8. Cost, Phasing and investment schedule
9. Financial Appraisal
10.Recomendation
Basic Principles of Survey
1. To work from the whole to the part.
The whole area is first enclosed by main points ( i.e controlling stations) and main survey lines. The area is then divided into number of parts by forming well conditioned triangles.
The main survey lines are measured very accurately with a standard chain, then the sides of the Triangles are measured.
II. To locate a new station by at least two measurement (linear & angular) from fixed points
The points are located by linear or angular measurement or by both in survey.
Let A & B are control points then C is established .
The distance between A & B can be measured accurately and then plotted on the sheet to some scale.
Productivity Test.
Productivity test is a test applied to see if the works sanctioned due to having been considered as productive or remunerative have or not actually proved as such. Accordingly earnings there from or savings in working expenses eventually realized are carefully compared with those anticipated. This examination is called as Productivity Test.
Productivity test is a test applied to see if the works sanctioned due to having been considered as productive or remunerative have or not actually proved as such. Accordingly earnings there from or savings in working expenses eventually realized are carefully compared with those anticipated. This examination is called as Productivity Test.
This test is not applied for the following works:
1. Residential Buildings
2. Assisted Sidings & Rolling Stock.
New Lines
The actual cash inflows and the rate of return for each year to the end of 5th /7th year from the date of commissioning the project is worked out and the results of the review are prepared along with the following statement.
1. Passenger earnings from traffic local to the branch line
2. Other coaching earnings from traffic local to the branch line
3. Tonnage of goods Traffic from traffic local to the branch line
4. Tonnage of goods traffic interchanged with the existing lines
5. Earnings from Goods traffic local to the branch lines
6. Earnings from goods interchanged with the existing lines.
These statements are prepared and sent for each financial year after the date of opening of the line for a period of11 years.
Open line works
The works undertaken with a definite object of increasing earnings or reducing expenditure to which such test can be applied with in three to five years of their completion will be selected out of those charged to capital on the grounds of remuneration.
A statement in following format is prepared.
1. Reference to sanctioned estimate
2. Brief particulars of works selected for application of Productivity test
3.Total estimated cost.
4. Nature and extent of productivity claimed in the estimate.
5. Brief remarks about the results of the test
The object is not only to furnish the results actually achieved to the authority who sanctioned the estimates but also serves as a guiding factor in future.
PLAN HEADS - Short notes - Many times asked
PLAN HEADS – Erstwhile DEMAND NO. 16 or Capital Segment of Demand No 80
1986 (with Books) & 1985,1987,1988,1991,1995(without Books) 5 Marks
Ø For the purpose of LINK with the accounts of the Central Government, the PLAN HEADS will form the “Minor Heads of Railway Capital under the Major Heads:
Þ 546 – Capital outlay on Indian Railways – Commercial lines
Þ 547 – Capital outlay on Indian Railways – Strategic lines
Ø The Plan Heads make the “Works Budget” performance oriented and form a LINK with National Planning for Railway Transportation (for Five year Plans)
Ø As the Plan Heads classification coincide with the Sub Heads of the Demands for Grants, the compilation of Budget is also rendered easy and direct.
Ø XX(Source) – XX (PH) – XX (Sub & Detailed Head – XX (PU) -
8 digit allocation for plan head
Ø An example is 20-2112-09 is break down as follows:
2100 – PH for Rolling Stock
| ||
CAPITAL
|
2110 – Sub Head Locomotive
|
Primary Unit -
|
(SOURCE OF FINANCE)
|
2112- Detailed Head
Diesel Hydraulic and Mech. Locomotives
|
Transfer of Debits/credits affecting capital works expenditure
|
20
|
2112
|
09
|
Ø The Plan Heads indicates the activity and facilitates plan investment forecasts for Planning commission.
Ø The programme for creation of Assets, Replacements & Renewals submitted by the Railways under “Works, Rolling Stock and M &P Programmes” should indicate the Plan Head wise expenditure (irrespective of source of finance i.e., Capital, DRF, DF, Capital Fund, OLWR etc)
Ø The allocation of Funds for expenditure on Plan Heads are made by the Planning Commission and are subject to mid-term appraisal.
Summary at Minor Heads of Classification showing Plan Head Codes for Works Expenditure
For the purpose of link with the accounts of the Central Government the Plant heads will form the Minor Heads of Railway Capital under the Major Heads "546-Capital Outlay on Indian Railways-Commercial lines" and "546-Capital Outlay on Indian Railways-Strategic lines." The minor Heads classification are as follows :"
New Plan Heads are highlighted with Red colour and Bold.
11.
|
New Lines (Construction).
|
37
|
Traction Distribution Works
|
12.
|
Purchase of new lines.
|
41.
|
Machinery and Plant.
|
14.
|
Gauge conversion.
|
42.
|
Workshops including Production Units
|
15.
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Doubling.
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51.
|
Staff Quarters.
|
16.
|
Traffic facilities-Yard remodelling and others.
|
52.
|
Amenities for staff.
|
17
|
Computerization
|
53.
|
(i) Passenger Amenities.
(ii) Other Railway User Amenities. |
18
|
Railway Research
|
61.
|
Investment in Government Commercial under Takings-Road services.
|
21.
|
Rolling Stock.
|
62.
|
Investment in Government Commercial under� taking-Public Undertaking
|
22
|
Leased assets - Payment of capital component of lease charges to IRFC etc.
|
63
|
Investment in Non Government Undertaking including JVs/SPVs.
|
29
|
Road Safety Works � Conversion of Unmanned Level Crossings into Manned Level Crossings.
|
64.
|
Other specified works.
|
30
|
Road Safety Works �Conversion of Level Crossings into Road over Bridges/Road under Bridges.
|
65
|
Training/HRD
|
31.
|
Track renewals.
|
71.
|
Stores suspense
|
32.
|
Bridge work.
|
72.
|
Manufacturing suspense.
|
33.
|
Signalling and Telecommunication works.
|
73.
|
Miscellaneous Advances.
|
34.
|
Taking over of line wires from P. & T. Dept.
|
81.
|
Metropolitan Transport Projects.
|
35.
|
Electrification projects.
|
82
|
Transfer to Special Railway Safety Fund.
|
36.
|
Other Electrical works.
|
83
|
New Lines (Construction)- Dividend free projects
|
Note: Plan Head 82 is no longer in operation, because SRSF is ceased to exist from the year 2008.
&&&&&
STS - Station To Station Rates - Most important question
STS - Station To Station rates
(Most important question for Traffic Accounts optional & GRP)
By Shri Benhur, SSO(A)/Hqrs/SC Rly
Click here for comprehensive Rate Circular 26 of 2016 for "Station To Station" rates.
ü In order to attract more traffic and augment earnings, Station to Station rates are adopted for a specific stream of traffic for a particular commodity for movement between a specific originating and destination points
Eligibility
ü Applicable for the existing as well as new traffic for concession under STS.
ü Station to station rates are applicable for all commodities with classification above class “100” except the following:
A) All commodities under main commodity head “ Coal & Coke
B) Iron Ore (All Types)
C) Military sidings, POL and RMC
Conditions
A) Concession is admissible to Block rake, two/multi point rake, mini rake etc.,
B) The maximum percentage of discount under STS shall upto 30% for incremental traffic and for retention traffic a maximum of 15% can be granted.
C) Freight realised after allowing concession under STS should not be lower than NTR “class 100”
D) Concession can be granted on monthly/quarterly/half yearly/yearly as per the request of the party. The period of agreement should not be less than one year.
E) the customer has to cross the benchmarks fixed to become eligible for concession under STS and the concession will be given from the next rake after the specified benchmarks are crossed. For example if the customer crosses the benchmark in 10th rake, will be eligible for concession from 11th rake.
F) concession can be granted for the volume of traffic for which no other scheme of concession is granted Viz. TEFD, LWIS etc.
ü The Board vide Para 6.0 of R.C. no 26 of 2016 have stated that the zonal Railways can modify the procedure as per the field requirement for grant of concession under STS.
ü In this Railway a PHOD committee comprising COM, CCM & FA&CAO would scrutinize the cases and recommend the percentage of concession to be granted to GM for sanction.
ü The PHOD committee has decided that the customer becomes eligible for concession on crossing all the following benchmarks:
1. Cluster benchmark
2. Station benchmark
3. Customer Benchmark
4. O-D (Originating and destination) pair benchmark
Fixation of Benchmarks
ü A DEC (Divisional Empowered Committee) consisting of a Commercial Inspector and a TIA nominated by DRM will workout the various benchmarks taking average NTKMs of two previous years either month wise, quarterly or half yearly as per the request of the customer.
ü The Average NTKMS are worked out by multiplying the distance carried with the weight as recorded in the RRs. For example the benchmark for the month of April 2017 is worked out taking the average NTKMS of April 2015 and April 2016
ü This DEC report should be approved by the concerned DRM.
ü The procedure followed for grant of Concession under STS is as under:
1. The customer will submit the application to the DRM
2. DRM nominates the DEC and approves the report and send to Hqrs through concerned Sr.DCM for processing the concession
3. Commercial branch processes the case and put up to the PHOD committee ( COM,CCM & FA&CAO) for their recommendation and obtains the sanction of GM for concession under STS.
&&&&&&
Compendium on Tenders & Contracts
Tenders & Contracts - Compendium
129 pages Compendium on Tenders & Contracts - compiled by Railway Board in May, 2016 - Must for General Expenditure optional and GRP candidates.
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