CIN - Corporate Identification Number - 21 Digits

 

CIN - Corporate Identification Number 

• CIN stands for Corporate Identification Number 

• 21 Digits - alphanumeric unique identifier

• Issued by the ROC - Registrar Of Companies under the MCA - Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

• Mandatory for all companies registered in India 

• Mandatory disclosure: Firms participating in IR Tenders must declare their CIN 

• Railways can verify the legal identity of private firms participating in Tenders  through MCA portal before awarding Contracts. 

• It helps validate the legitimacy, ownership type, and incorporation details of the Contractor. 

• . It is mandatory for all companies registered in India and is used in Indian Railways contracts to verify the legal identity of private firms participating in tenders or agreements.

Key Points - CIN

1. CIN stands for Corporate Identification Number

2. CIN - 21 Alphanumeric Digits

3. CIN - issued by ROC, under MCA

4. ROC stands for Registrar Of Companies

5. MCA stands for Ministry of Corporate Affairs

6. NIC stands for National Industrial Classification

7. NIC - Mandatory for all companies registered in India

8. Mandatory disclosure: Firms participating in IR Tenders must declare their CIN

CIN - 21 Digits - Breakdown

Segment	Digits	Meaning	Example
1–1	1 character	Listing Status L = Listed U = Unlisted	U12345...
2–6	5 digits	Industry Code (NIC Code) Represents business activity	U45201...
7–8	2 characters	State Code E.g., DL = Delhi, MH = Maharashtra	...MH...
9–12	4 digits	Year of Incorporation	...2000...
13–15	3 characters	Ownership Type E.g., PLC = Public Ltd., PTC = Private Ltd.	...PTC...
16–21	6 digits	Registration Number Allotted by ROC	...123456

Example CIN Interpretation

Example: U45201MH2000PTC123456
- U = Unlisted Company
- 45201 = Construction of buildings (NIC Code)
- MH = Maharashtra
- 2000 = Year of incorporation
- PTC = Private Limited Company
- 123456 = Company’s registration number with RoC

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Differences between FIRR & EIRR

 

Differences between FIRR and EIRR

Aspect	FIRR	EIRR
Stands for	Financial Internal Rate of Return	Economic Internal Rate of Return
Definition	Measures the return on investment based on actual cash inflows and outflows from the perspective of the investor or organization.	Measures the overall economic benefit to society, including externalities and indirect benefits/costs.
Focus	Financial viability of the project for the implementing agency.	Economic desirability of the project for the society as a whole.
Costs Considered	Only financial costs (capital, operating, maintenance).	Includes financial costs plus social and environmental externalities.
Benefits Considered	Only monetary returns (e.g., revenue, savings).	Both monetary and non-monetary benefits (e.g., time savings, environmental improvements).
Subsidies/Taxes	Included in the calculation.	Excluded, as they are transfers and not real resource costs.
Discount Rate	Based on the cost of capital or desired return.	Based on social discount rate (usually lower).
Example	A railway project yields FIRR of 10% based on ticket revenues and costs.	The same railway project has an EIRR of 18% when time savings for passengers and reduced pollution are included.

Fly Ash / Bed Ash Loading - Freight Incentive schemes

 

Fly Ash / Bed Ash Loading 

Introduction and Background

The Railway Board has introduced a revised Freight Incentive Scheme specifically targeting the loading of Fly Ash and Bed Ash. 

Authority: CC No. 09 & 95 of 2020 and CC No. 219 of 2024 

Objective: 

The core objective of this scheme is to encourage additional loading of Fly Ash and Bed Ash and to enhance the utilization of rolling stock by offering targeted freight incentives.

                                            Fly Ash / Bed Ash Loading - Discount 

Type of Rolling Stock	Rate of Concession	Packing condition
Open Wagons	40% Discount on NTR of applicable classes	Bagged or Bulk or loose
Flat Wagons	40% Discount on NTR of applicable classes	Bagged only
Covered Wagons	To be charged at NTR of Class LR 1	Bagged only

Applicability Conditions

The 40% discount is applicable only when the entire rake is released, unloaded, emptied, and then back loaded at the same terminal. 

If empty rakes are supplied from other terminals, the discount is limited to 20% only.

Floor Rate Policy

There will be no floor rate for concessions under this scheme. The applicable chargeable freight will reflect the full discount of 40% or 20% on the NTR of the respective class.

Permitted Terminals

The scheme is applicable to all terminals, ensuring wide coverage and implementation flexibility.

Concurrent Concession

The following can be availed simultaneously:
- Freight concessions for traffic moving to/from the North East Region.

- In case of traffic booked in the TEFD (Traditional Empty Flow Directions) stream, the lower of the two NTRs will be charged.

Lead Restriction

There will be no restriction on the lead distance, giving flexibility to shippers.

Processing Procedure

Customers need not apply separately to avail these concessions. The benefit will be automatically granted via TMS (Terminal Management System), depending on the features of the scheme.

Key points for MCQ - Loading of Fly Ash / Bed Ash:

1. In Open Wagons - 40% discount on NTR - Packing condition is bulk or loose or bagged 

2. In Flat Wagons - 40% discount on NTR - Packing condition is Bagged only 

3. In covered Wagons - charged at class NTR of LR 1 - Packing condition is Bagged only 

4. NTR stands for Normal Tariff Rate

5. Applicable for all terminals

6. Discount is limited to 20%, if empty rakes are supplied from other terminals

7. No lead restriction

8. Concurrent concession available for freight to and from for North East region

9. In case of TEFD, the lower of two NTRs will be charged

10. TEFD stands for Traditional Empty Flow Direction

11. TMS stands for Terminal Management System

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Article 309 of the Constitution of India - Recruitment & Service conditions of Government Servants

 

• Article 309 of the Constitution of India — Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State

• Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons appointed, to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State:

• Provided that it shall be competent for the President or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union, and for the Governor of a State or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the State, to make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed, to such services and posts until provision in that behalf is made by or under an Act of the appropriate Legislature under this article, and any rules so made shall have effect subject to the provisions of any such Act.

What it says:

• Parliament (for central services) or State Legislature (for state services) can make laws about:
  
  

• Recruitment
  
  

• Service conditions of government employees
  
  

✅ Until such laws are made:

• The President (for Union) or Governor (for State) can make rules on these matters.
  
  

• These rules remain valid until replaced or changed by a law made by Parliament or State Legislature.
  
  

✅ Why it matters:

• Provides legal authority to frame service rules.
  
  

• Ensures smooth functioning of public services even before formal laws are made.

अनुच्छेद 309 — संघ या राज्य की सेवा में नियुक्त व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें

संविधान के उपबंधों के अधीन, उपयुक्त विधानमंडल के अधिनियम, संघ या किसी राज्य के कार्यों के संबंध में लोक सेवा और पदों पर नियुक्त व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तों का विनियमन कर सकते हैं:

परंतु, जब तक इस अनुच्छेद के अधीन उपयुक्त विधानमंडल के अधिनियम द्वारा या उसके अधीन इस विषय में उपबंध नहीं किया जाता, तब तक संघ के कार्यों के संबंध में सेवाओं और पदों के मामले में राष्ट्रपति या उसके द्वारा निर्देशित व्यक्ति, और राज्य के कार्यों के संबंध में सेवाओं और पदों के मामले में राज्यपाल या उसके द्वारा निर्देशित व्यक्ति, ऐसी सेवाओं और पदों पर नियुक्त व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तों का विनियमन करने के लिए नियम बना सकेंगे; और इस प्रकार बनाए गए कोई भी नियम किसी ऐसे अधिनियम के उपबंधों के अधीन प्रभावी होंगे।

✅ क्या कहता है:

• संसद (केंद्र के लिए) या राज्य विधानमंडल (राज्य के लिए) ये विषय तय कर सकते हैं:
  
  

• भर्ती (recruitment)
  
  

• सरकारी कर्मचारियों की सेवा शर्तें (service conditions)
  
  

✅ जब तक कानून नहीं बनता:

• राष्ट्रपति (केंद्र के लिए) या राज्यपाल (राज्य के लिए) नियम बना सकते हैं।
  
  

• ये नियम तब तक मान्य रहेंगे, जब तक संसद या विधानमंडल का कानून नहीं बन जाता।
  
  

✅ महत्व क्यों है:

• सेवा नियमों को बनाने का कानूनी आधार देता है।
  
  

• सरकारी सेवाओं की कार्यप्रणाली में कोई रुकावट नहीं आती, भले ही कानून बाद में बने।

Excerpts:

“Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons appointed, to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State:
Provided that it shall be competent for the President or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union, and for the Governor of a State or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the State, to make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed, to such services and posts until provision in that behalf is made by or under an Act of the appropriate Legislature under this article, and any rules so made shall have effect subject to the provisions of any such Act.”